All parents will agree that their child’s first milestones are truly special, whether it is the first time they lift their head, crawl, walk, or talk.
From the time of his birth, your little one offers important clues about his growth and development. The way he looks at things, the way he grabs them, or how fast he learns to talk and walk are all clues. These are signs he is growing up as a healthy child.
Similarly, there are a few signs that are considered to be developmental red flags. These act as catalysts in identifying the child’s underlying growth problems and delayed development.
Read on to know what signs of developmental delay that all parents should watch out for.
Developmental Red Flags According to Age
Usually, most parents are able to recognise developmental red flags in their children. You will be able to pick up if your child is slow in his fine motor skills, cognitive skills, language and speech as well as physical development.
But sometimes, you might miss out on these developmental reg flags. Let’s take a look at each of them based on their ages.
1 to 3 months
New parents may be surprised at how much their newborn can do, even in the first months of their life. In their own little way, they’re able to indicate to you the rate of their developmental growth.
On the flipside, if you notice any of the following, you should consider them developmental red flags:
- Unable to respond to loud noises
- Unable to follow moving objects even by three months
- Doesn’t smile at you or at your voice even by three months
- Is not able to grasp objects by three months
- Cannot support his head by three months
- Is not interested in pulling objects near his mouth
- Cannot push toys with his legs
- Has trouble moving either one or both of his eyes
Physical movement is less of a concern at this stage, as your newborn could be growing at their own time. However, you should consider bringing your baby for a checkup if you notice issues with his vision and his ability to hear.
4 to 7 months
By this age, the child becomes particularly physically active. You may notice him rolling around the bed, trying to lift his head, or laughing and squealing and even following objects with his eyes.
It could be a red flag if you notice him not doing any of these. Additionally, these are other signs of delayed development, that you can watch out for as well:
- Very tight and stiff muscles
- Flops around like a rag doll
- Is unable to hold his head till his seventh month
- Shows no affection towards his parents and caretakers
- Does not like more than one or two people around him
- Gets cranky when he sees many people at once
- Is unable to focus with both eyes
- Is extremely sensitive to light, tears up often or his eyes are mostly dry
- Still doesn’t respond to any sound, especially loud noises
- Has difficulty bringing objects and toys toward his mouth
- Doesn’t turn around to check out the source of any kind of noise or a person’s voice
- Unable to roll over by six months
- Unable to sit with your help even at six months
- Doesn’t laugh or squeal at your voice
- His legs are really skinny compared to the rest of the body
These are signs of delayed development or could be indicative of an underlying health issue. For instance, not being able to focus on an object could indicate an issue with the baby’s eyesight.
The best thing to do is to keep your eye peeled for all these activities and give your baby some time. He may just come around after a month.
However, if he doesn’t seem to be progressing, even after hitting seven months, you should consult your family doctor on what you should do, during your baby’s next checkup.
8 to 12 months
As your little one nears his biggest milestone (turning one) you may notice him wanting to stand on his own. He might also try to talk and become more active with his toys.
However, the following can be developmental reg flags for a baby who is about to turn one:
- Unable to crawl
- Drags one side of his entire body in order to crawl
- Unable to stand even with support
- Is not that interested in playing games and doesn’t like searching for his toys
- Doesn’t use any single words (like “mama” or “dada”)
- Cannot use any gestures like waving of hands
- Is unable to sit in one place even after turning 10 months
Of course, every child proceeds at their own time — while most children tend to start walking between 8 to 12 months, some children may take 13 months or even longer. What’s key is for you to observe your child closely and give them space to grow. You can give them a buffer time of a month before bringing them for a checkup.
12 to 24 months
By this stage, most toddlers are able to develop their own beautiful personalities. Some are docile, some are fierce, while others can be lazy or playful. As soon as your little one turns one, you will be able to notice a seismic change in his behaviour and play.
Exploration and decreased sleep times will become part of your normal day. Your child might even develop good eating habits and sleep patterns.
However, if you notice the following, count them as developmental reg flags.
- Unable to walk by 18 months
- Prefers to only walk on their toes and doesn’t keep his entire foot on the floor
- Cannot babble single words like “mama” and “papa” or “dada” by 18th month
- Even by 15 months, cannot use spoons, forks or is unaware of regular household objects like the phone (unless you have kept him away from all of these)
- Is unable to imitate words or actions even by 24 months
- Cannot follow any single-step instructions even by 24 months
As your child turns two, most of his motor and cognitive skills, as well as language and speech skills, are in place. If he has not developed a base level of these skills yet, your child may need immediate attention.
24 to 36 months
By his second year, your toddler will have learned to walk, talk, play and even run around easily. His speech and language skills might also be improving. Here are the red flags that you should look out for:
- Unable to crawl or walk
- Falls frequently while trying to climb the stairs
- Still has unclear speech
- Drools persistently (although this is not very serious, it could indicate a neurological disorder)
- Faces difficulty in manipulating toys and objects
- Cannot follow one-step instructions
- Shows little or no interest in other kids
- Is unable to communicate in sentences
- Doesn’t want to leave you or any caregiver
3 to 4 years old
Your little one is finally ready for his big day at school. There is a lot to look forward to, and competition among kids is just one of those things. Most kids are fluent in their motor and cognitive skills, as well as language and speech skills, by the age of three.
Make sure you keep an eye on the following to better understand if your child is progressing or showing signs of delay:
- Unable to jump in place or walk properly
- Cannot grab anything between the index finger and thumb
- Mostly ignores other children
- Has difficulty scribbling anything
- Is clingy and unable to leave parents at all
- Has no interest in any kind of interactive game
- Doesn’t like talking to or engaging with people who are not family
- Resists sleeping, dressing up or going to the toilet
- Gets upset and angry quickly and throws violent tantrums
- Unable to use “you” or “me” properly
As mentioned before, each child is unique. While early learning comes naturally to some, others take their time. It doesn’t mean that there is something wrong with those who take longer to develop.
Excessively delayed development is also not good. It can be an indication of an underlying neurological, physical or psychological issue. So it’s best to keep these developmental red flags in mind. Ideally, your kid should be able to do all the listed activities in the given time. But if he cannot, give him a little time and observe him closely.
What is Global Developmental Delay?
Global Developmental Delay or GDD is a term used to describe a child who shows delays in several areas of development. To receive a GDD diagnosis, one is also significantly limited in at least two developmental domains. These may include vision and fine motor skills, gross motor, social, and communication skills.
Global Developmental Delay occurs in one to three percent of preschool children. It is less common than developmental delays, which occur in 10%-15% of preschoolers.
What Causes Global Developmental Delay?
Now that we know what is Global Developmental Delay, how about the causes?
There may be a lot of possible causes for GDD. It is generally associated with genetic abnormalities like the development of the spinal cord and the brain. Other linked factors include premature birth, environmental factors, and infections.
Some of these include:
Prenatal or perinatal causes
- Birth trauma
- Congenital infections
- Exposure to teratogens or toxins (tobacco, alcohol, illicit drugs)
- Prematurity
- Intracranial haemorrhage
- Congenital hypothyroidism – normally seen on newborn screening.
Postnatal causes
- Cranial trauma
- Infection (encephalitis, meningitis)
Environmental causes
- Child abuse or neglect
- Poor nutrition
- Family stress
Global Developmental Delay Symptoms
Common Global Developmental Delay symptoms include:
- Difficulties in fine and/or gross motor skills
- Communication problems
- Aggressive behaviour as a coping skill
- The child is late in sitting up, crawling, walking
- Limited reasoning or conceptual abilities
- Poor social skills/judgment
We hope you learned a lot about the signs of developmental delay that all parents should watch out for. Only after proper observation and screening should you come to the conclusion that there is something wrong.
If you suspect there is a problem, consult a doctor immediately to better understand the underlying issue. Other than that, give your kids the space and time they need to grow and develop. Let them enjoy their childhood. Do not try to rush them into learning everything at once.
After all, everything has its place and time. A baby’s development is no different.
Source:
TCLNY, CDC, Think Psych, CPL, PubMed Central
This article was first published on The Asian Parent and is republished with permission.