
The recent passing of Taiwanese actress Barbie Hsu due to complications from influenza and pneumonia is deeply saddening, and our thoughts are with her loved ones during this difficult time. Her passing is also a poignant reminder of how serious respiratory infections can be. While the flu is often seen as a routine illness, it can sometimes lead to severe complications, particularly for those with underlying health conditions or weakened immune systems.
Flu and Pneumonia: The Connection
Influenza primarily affects the upper respiratory tract, but in some cases, it can lead to pneumonia, a more severe lung infection. Dr Andrew Fang, Doctor Anywhere’s director of medical affairs, explains, “Influenza can weaken the body’s immune defences, increasing the risk of secondary bacterial infections like pneumonia. In severe cases, this can result in complications such as respiratory distress.”
Most healthy individuals recover from the flu without complications, but some groups—including older adults, young children, and those with chronic conditions—may be at higher risk of severe illness. The progression from influenza to pneumonia can occur over a few days, depending on an individual’s immune response and overall health.
Who’s at Risk?
Although anyone can develop pneumonia from the flu, certain factors may increase the risk of complications:
- Pre-existing medical conditions such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease
- A weakened immune system due to stress, lack of sleep, or chronic illnesses
- Smoking, which affects lung function and immune response
- Advanced age, as the immune system weakens over time
Recognising the Warning Signs
Pneumonia symptoms can initially resemble a cold or flu but may become more severe. Warning signs to watch for include:
- Persistent high fever
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
- Chest pain, particularly when breathing deeply
- Low oxygen levels (below 95% on a home oximeter)
- Worsening fatigue or confusion, particularly in elderly individuals
Individuals experiencing these symptoms should seek medical attention promptly, as early intervention may help reduce the risk of complications.
Preventive Measures
There are steps that can be taken to help reduce the risk of flu-related pneumonia:
✔ Flu vaccination – Receiving the flu vaccine as recommended, typically once or twice a year depending on individual risk factors and local health guidelines, is one of the most effective ways to reduce the risk of influenza and its complications. For added convenience, home-based vaccination services are available, and CHAS subsidies apply for eligible individuals.
✔ Hand hygiene – Frequent handwashing can help prevent the spread of viruses.
✔ Avoiding close contact with sick individuals – This is especially important in crowded settings.
✔ Staying hydrated and getting sufficient rest – A well-supported immune system is better equipped to fight infections.
✔ Seeking medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen – A timely consultation with a healthcare professional, such as via 24-hour GP teleconsultation, can help assess symptoms early and provide appropriate guidance, especially when in-person care is not immediately accessible.
As respiratory infections can escalate quickly in some cases, understanding the risks and taking preventive measures can contribute to better health outcomes.